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The settlements were centred around the stronghold on Old Town Hill, which was likely one of the main centres of Lendians tribe. The period of the early Middle Ages was marked by an intensification of habitation, particularly in the areas along river valleys. Remains of settlements dating back to the sixth century were discovered in the centre of today's Lublin on Czwartek ('Thursday') Hill. A complex of settlements started to develop on the future site of Lublin and in its environs in the sixth to seventh centuries. Krakowska Gate in the Old Town is among the city's most recognisable landmarks.Īrchaeological finds indicate a long presence of cultures in the area. Its historical Old Town is one of Poland's national monuments ( Pomnik historii) tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Lublin is noted for its green spaces and a high standard of living the city has been selected as the 2023 European Youth Capital. The Foreign Direct Investment ranking placed Lublin second among larger Polish cities in the cost-effectiveness category. In 2011, the analytical Financial Times Group found Lublin to be one of the best cities for business in Poland. In 1578, Lublin was chosen as the seat of the Crown Tribunal, the highest appeal court in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and for centuries, the city has been flourishing as a centre of culture and higher learning. Its delegates and nobles had the right to participate in the royal election. Until the partitions at the end of the 18th century, Lublin was a royal city of the Crown Kingdom of Poland. A Calvinist congregation was founded and groups of radical Arians appeared in the city, making it an important global centre of Arianism. Lublin witnessed the early stages of Reformation in the 16th century. The Lublin Parliament session of 1569 led to the creation of a real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, thus creating the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Lublin thrived as a centre of trade and commerce due to its strategic location on the route between Vilnius and Kraków the inhabitants had the privilege of free trade in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. One of the events that greatly contributed to the city's development was the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo in 1385. Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River and is about 170 km (106 mi) to the southeast of Warsaw by road. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021).

Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland.